Cardamom and Tea

qatayef crêpe cake

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It’s easy to underestimate the diversity of the Middle East and North Africa, and its diaspora. Not only are there so many different nations—there are also many different cultures, ethnicities, and religions within those nations. And the lines between these broad categories are not always separate, but overlapping and intersecting. And (of course!) this breadth is reflected in our many cuisines.

Assyrians are an ethnic minority that trace our ancestry back to the ancient Assyrian empire, which means that we are an ethnic group that has largely resisted assimilation, and kept up our sense of nation without a self-governed homeland. When I first started blogging about Assyrian food, I was really anxious about determining what “counts” as Assyrian.

When you’re coming from a relatively unknown ethnic minority, most people expect your food to offer something new and never-before-seen, as if all cultures have developed and survived in a vacuum, totally unaffected by the violence of conquest and colonialism, and the peace of friendship and cultural sharing. But the truth is, it’s neither fair, useful, nor possible to expect minority cultures to define themselves only by what makes us unique.

Among all the different groups that make up the Middle East and North Africa, there are certain dishes we’ve all been eating for hundreds of years—things that are just as much part of Arab cuisine as they are Assyrian cuisine (I’m thinking, in particular, of hummus, strained yogurt, dolma, and so on). But even though I think it’s too narrow to only pay attention to the differences, there are certain things that are unique to each group, and these differences are worth celebrating.

For instance, we Assyrians have our yogurt and swiss chard soup (booshala) and roux-stuffed brioche (kadeh). And we have our particular ways of making shared dishes, like my grandmother’s vegan stuffed grape leaves with mushrooms and walnuts (eaten during fasting holidays like Lent and Advent), and my great aunt Masy’s technique for making lawash (adapted to work without a roaring hot tannur). And of course, there are certain things that distinguish the many other cultures in the Middle East and North Africa.

And that brings me to this recipe, and the reason I wrote it. This month, a few of my food blogger friends started the fabulous social media movement April is for Arab food, and they kindly invited me to participate in dessert week. While Assyrians are not actually Arab, we live in many predominantly Arab countries, and our cuisines overlap a great deal. But in the spirit of celebrating differences, I thought I would contribute a distinctively Arab dish to the month’s festivities.

Qatayef (also sometimes transliterated katayef, kataif, or atayef) is a pancake made from flour and semolina, which gets cooked just on one side, so that air bubbles sputter, pop, and eventually set into a really gorgeous, lacy pattern on top. These pancakes get stuffed with an assortment of fillings like ashta cream, walnuts, or raisins, and then a whole number of delicious things can happen to them from there. Sometimes they get folded in half and deep fried. Sometimes they are delicately crimped shut at a single point, drizzled with syrup, and dusted with ground pistachios.

And, while it’s not the most traditional, here I’ve ladled them extra-large and layered them with flower-water-scented ashta cream, in the shape of a crêpe cake. This recipe is particularly nice if you ever want to bake a cake, but don’t have an oven, or if it’s just too hot to even think about turning on the oven (two predicaments that many fellow Hong Kongers will understand). And while this is a particularly Arab dish eaten during quickly-approaching Ramadan, we all (Arab Muslims, Arab Christians, non-Arab Muslims, non-Arab Christians, and just about everyone else) indulge in them around this time of year, and I hope you will too!

Qatayef crêpe cake

serves: 8

ashta cream filling

  • 4 cups milk
  • 1/2 cup cream
  • 2 tablespoons lemon juice
  1. Combine the milk and cream in a heavy pot, and bring to a simmer over medium heat, stirring frequently and controlling the heat to make sure the bottom doesn’t scorch. Once you see a few bubbles, add the lemon juice and stir together. The curds will separate, leaving behind the translucent whey.
  2. Remove from heat and strain through a fine mesh sieve over the sink (and don’t bother washing the pot). Let the curds sit in the sieve for a few minutes while you throw together the next part.
  • 1 1/4 cups milk
  • 1/4 cup cream
  • 1 1/2 teaspoons orange blossom water
  • 1/2 teaspoon rosewater
  • 1/4 cup + 2 tablespoons sugar
  • 2 tablespoons and 1 teaspoon cornstarch
  1. Combine the milk, cream, orange blossom water, rosewater, sugar, and cornstarch in the empty pot you just used. Once it’s lump-free, place over medium to medium-high heat, and start stirring constantly while you bring it to a boil. Control the heat to make sure the bottom doesn’t scorch.
  2. Once it comes to a boil, keep cooking and stirring for just a couple more minutes to let the starches gelatinize. The mixture will suddenly thicken dramatically, at which point you should cook it for about 30 more seconds, and then remove it from heat. Immediately stir in the curds (above), and move it to the refrigerator to chill a little.*

qatayef pancakes

  • 400 grams flour (about 2 1/2 cups)
  • 90 grams semolina (about 1/2 cup)
  • 2 teaspoons baking powder
  • 1/4 cup + 2 tablespoons sugar
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt
  • 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
  • 2 3/4 cups water
  1. Mix all the ingredients together in a blender until there are no more lumps (but don’t over-mix it). **
  2. Heat a nonstick skillet for several minutes over medium heat. ***
  3. Spoon about 1/2 cup of batter onto the heated non-stick skillet and then do not disturb it (scoop with a measuring cup to keep the size consistent). It should immediately spread out into a thin pancake (not as thin as a French crêpe, but not as thick as an American pancake). In the first minute, bubbles will form around the edges. In the second minute bubbles will form in the center. In the third minute, the batter on top will cook through and will go from shiny to matte. Once the batter becomes matte, the pancake is done. The bottom should be golden-brown and the top should be pale and covered with tiny holes (see photos above). ****
  4. Placed the finished pancake on a parchment-lined sheetpan to cool, and finish cooking the rest of them the same way.

glaze and cake assembly

  • 1 tablespoon lemon juice
  • 1/4 teaspoon rosewater*****
  • 1 teaspoon orange blossom water
  • 1/2 cup powdered sugar
  • 1/4 cup ground or finely chopped pistachios, plus (optionally) more for serving
  1. Whisk together the lemon juice, rosewater, orange blossom water, and about 1/2 cup powdered sugar. It should be runny and translucent (add more powdered sugar or lemon juice to tinker with it).
  2. Take the sturdiest-looking qatayef and place it browned-side-down on a plate.
  3. Evenly brush it with the glaze (enough that it soaks in, but not so much that it’s soggy and waterlogged) and top with a thin layer of the ashta cream.
  4. Place the next pancake on top and gently press down in the center to make sure everything sticks together. Repeat with the remaining glaze, cream, and pancake layers until you have the final pancake on top. Brush the top layer with glaze and top with the ground pistachios. If you’ve got any left, drizzle the pistachios with another tablespoon of the glaze to help them stick.
  5. Chill for at least 45 minutes before slicing and serving. Optionally, serve each slice with another sprinkling of pistachios.

* Some people prefer their ashta to be totally lump-free, in which case you can purée yours with a food processor or immersion blender. I don’t like mine to be too homogenous, so I skip this step.
** If you’re mixing by hand,  whisk together the dry ingredients before adding the wet ones. Then whisk in about 75% of the water, mix until there are no lumps, and then whisk in the rest of the water.
*** If your nonstick skillet is very scratched up, or doesn’t work well, you can grease it with a little bit of oil between pancakes. But a good nonstick skillet won’t need to be oiled for this.
**** Here’s some troubleshooting, in case your pancakes aren’t doing what they should:
      If bubbles aren’t forming on the surface and the pancake is thick, you need to add a little more water to it. Add 1 or 2 tablespoons of water to the batter and try again.
      If the bottom isn’t browning by the time the pancake is cooked through on top, the pan may not be hot enough. Don’t overcompensate. Just turn it up one notch and let the pan heat for a minute or two before cooking the next pancake. Don’t try to keep cooking a pancake that is cooked through, but pale on the bottom—it’s fine if one or two are pale (as you can see from the photo, a couple of mine were too).
      If it’s over-browning on the bottom before the top becomes matte, the heat is too high. In this case, remove the pan from heat for a minute or two, and then place over lower heat.
***** I love rosewater, but too much will overpower the subtle flavors of this cake. So feel free to add a little more at this stage, but be cautious. It’s not supposed to be “rosewater cake”—it’s just supposed to be subtly scented.

potato chop skillet

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Last fall, I posted my recipe for potato chop, or breaded and fried potato croquettes stuffed with seasoned ground beef and parsley. Since potato chop isn’t something my family makes, I started from scratch with my own recipe, drawing on my memory of potato chops I’ve eaten in Iraqi and Assyrian restaurants, and asking around to hear how others have made theirs. Coming up with a recipe for something complicated that you’ve never made before requires a lot of test batches, and so I can’t tell you how much potato chop we ate last fall.

But once the marathon of croquette-stuffing and onerous deep frying finally came to an end, the only thing I was sick of was just that: all the stuffing and deep frying! I never once got tired of potato chop itself. So I decided to come up with something a little easier, but still inspired by classic Middle Eastern cuisine.

This recipe for potato chop skillet is inspired by kibbeh bil sanieh, which literally means kibbeh (Middle Eastern dumplings) in a tray. With kibbeh bil sanieh, instead of stuffing and deep frying the kibbeh individually, you layer the ingredients together in a sheet pan, bake it, slice it, and serve it. The same idea applies here: you sandwich a layer of flavorful ground beef between two potato layers, top it with some breadcrumbs that have been tossed in olive oil, and bake it until it’s golden brown and delicious.

I’m not going to try to convince you that this tastes exactly the same as classic potato chop, but it certainly captures its spirit, and takes way less time to prepare. You can totally prep this on a weeknight—it takes about one and a half hours from start to finish, but only takes thirty minutes of active time. And best of all, there’s no deep frying required, which means no deep frying clean-up. Potato chop skillet works great as a main or side, and it’s best served next to a big pile of greens dressed in lemon vinaigrette.

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potato chop skillet

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  • Prep Time: 30 minutes
  • Total Time: 1 1/2 hours
  • Yield: 5 large or 8 small servings

Ingredients

For the potato crust:

  • 2 pounds 8 ounces russet potatoes
  • 2 tablespoons butter
  • 1 1/2 tablespoons cornstarch
  • Salt to taste (I use 3/4 teaspoon)

For the ground beef filling:

  • 1 tablespoon + 1 teaspoon olive oil, divided
  • 1 medium onion, minced
  • 3–4 garlic cloves, crushed with a garlic press
  • 1 1/2 tablespoons baharat*
  • 1 pound ground beef
  • 3/4 teaspoon salt (or to taste)
  • 1 bunch cilantro, leaves chopped
  • 1 bunch parsley, leaves chopped (set aside a teaspoon for garnish)

To assemble:

  • potato mixture (above)
  • filling (above)
  • 3/4 cup breadcrumbs
  • 2 tablespoons olive oil (plus more for oiling the skillet)
  • 1 small pinch salt
  • 1 egg, beaten with 1 tablespoon water

Instructions

  1. Make the potato crust: Bring a large stockpot of salted water to a boil. While you’re waiting, peel the potatoes and cut them into large approximately 1-inch pieces.
  2. Boil the potatoes until very tender, about 12 minutes. (Alternatively, feel free to microwave them).
  3. Mash the warm potatoes with the butter, then let them cool.
  4. Mix the cornstarch into the cooled potatoes and salt them to taste. Set aside for later.
  5. Make the ground beef filling: While the potatoes are cooking and cooling, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a frying pan over medium-high heat for 2 minutes. Add the onions and cook, stirring every minute or so, until they brown slightly and soften, about 5 minutes.
  6. Reduce the heat to low, add the garlic and baharat and give everything a stir. Push everything out to the sides of the pan, add 1 teaspoon of oil to the center, add the ground beef and salt, then turn the heat to high, and mix everything together, breaking up any big clumps.
  7. Keep stirring until any juices have evaporated and the meat has browned, about 5 minutes.
  8. Remove the meat from heat and let it cool to room temperature. Once it’s cooled down, add the cilantro and parsley and stir to combine.
  9. Assemble and bake: Preheat the oven to 400° F convection.**
  10. Oil a 10-inch cast iron skillet.*** Scoop half of the potato mixture into the bottom of the skillet, flattening it out with an offset spatula or the back of a glass.
  11. Evenly spread the cooked ground beef filling over the first potato layer.
  12. Place scoops of the other half of the potato mixture over the beef filling. Carefully break up the potato scoops with a fork so that the beef layer is covered evenly, and then smooth it out with an offset spatula (careful that you don’t mix the beef layer into the potato layer).
  13. Mix the breadcrumbs with the olive oil and salt.
  14. Generously brush the potato layer with some of the egg wash (discard or save the rest).
  15. Top evenly with the breadcrumb mixture.
  16. Bake for about 45 minutes, until the top is nicely golden brown. Cool for a few minutes in the pan before slicing and serving (it will hold together more as it cools). Optionally, garnish with the reserved parsley.

Notes

* If you don’t have a baharat blend on hand and don’t feel like making one, feel free to use 1 1/2 teaspoons paprika, 1 teaspoon black pepper, 1 teaspoon cumin, 1 teaspoon coriander, and a pinch of cinnamon.

** If you don’t have a convection oven, no worries, it might just take a little longer to bake, you might need to increase the temperature slightly, and you might need to rotate it to make sure it’s cooking evenly.

*** If you don’t have a cast iron skillet, feel free to use a similarly sized oven-proof skillet or cake round.

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